interactive encyclopedia of the palestine question | highlights

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Key Phases of the Palestine Question

I. Ottoman Rule

1516-1917

II. Early Mandate

1917-1936

III. Late Mandate

1936-1947

IV. The Palestine War And The Nakba

1947-1950

V. Reverberations Of 1948 Palestine War And The Arab-Israeli Conflict

1950-1966

VI. The Rise Of The Palestinian Movement In The Wake Of The 1967 Arab Defeat

1966-1973

VII. From A Sense Of Victory To Separate Peace And Civil War

1973-1982

VIII. Palestinian Defeat, Divisions And Survival

1982-1987

IX. The First Intifada And The Beginning Of Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations

1987-1993

X. The Oslo Process And The Establishment Of The Palestinian Authority

1993-2000

XI. The Al-Aqsa Intifada and the End of an Era in Palestinian Politics

2000-2006

XII. A Palestinian Authority Divided, Israeli Assaults on Gaza, and Peace Process Setbacks

2006-2017

XIII. With a Growingly Intractable Deadlock, Whither Palestine?

2017-

Regional and International Politics and Diplomacy

Ottoman Territorial Reorganization, 1840-1917

Preliminary Sketches of Mandate Palestine's Boundaries

Balfour Declaration

Promising Palestine Away

The King-Crane Commission of 1919

Setting a Pattern of Futile 'Peace' Initiatives

The Peel Commission, 1936–1937

Sowing the Seeds of the Partition

UN Partition Plan, 1947

Paving the Way to the Impending Nakba

The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine

Negotiating Palestine after the Nakba

Resolution 242 (1967)

Ambiguous Parameters for a Middle East Settlement

Camp David Accords, 1978-1979

Shattering the Arab Front

Palestinian Declaration of Independence, 1988

Historic Undertakings For the Sake of Statehood

Madrid and the Oslo Agreement

Short-Lived Promises of a Negotiated Settlement

Subjugation, Violence and Wars

Criminal Law in Mandate Palestine

A Repressive System with a Long-Lasting Impact

Palestine Police During the British Mandate

Law Enforcement in Service of Zionist Goals

Stages of a Forced Displacement

The Deir Yasin Massacre, 9 April 1948

An Ominous Sign of Worse to Come

Lydda, 9-13 July 1948

A City-Wide Massacre Culminating in the Death March

Al-Dawayima, 29 October 1948

A Most Brutal Massacre Long Kept Under Wraps

Palestinians Under Military Rule in Israel

Governing the Lives of a Confined Population

Kafr Qasim, 1956

Israel’s Army Massacres Its Own Peaceful Citizens

The Political Failure of the Tripartite Aggression

A Watershed in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Battle of al-Karama

A Triggering Moment For the Palestinian Resistance

October 1973 War

A Daring Arab Initiative Followed by Ambivalent Results

Lebanon War, 1982

A Setback for the PLO and for Israel's 'Grand Design'

Sabra and Shatila, 1982

A Massacre by Proxy

The War on Gaza, 2008–2009

Israel’s Strategic Quandary

The 2014 Gaza War

An Asymetric Draw

The Israeli Military

The Myth of “the Most Moral Army in the World”

Colonialism and Palestinian Resistance

World Zionist Organization

Setting the Stage for a Jewish State in Palestine

Great Arab Revolt, 1936-1939

A Popular Uprising Facing a Ruthless Repression

Israel’s Appropriation of Palestinian Property

Cooking Up Laws for the Sake of Land Grab

The Judaization of the Galilee

A Long-Lasting Strategy Faced by a Bulwark of Palestinian Tenacity

Palestinians in Israel’s “Mixed Cities”

Manufacturing Ghettoes, Erasing History

Present Absentees in Israel

Exiled in Their Own Homeland

Palestinian Citizenship in Israel

An Unwanted Minority Asserts Its Narrative and Identity

A Turning Point in the Defense of Palestinian Lands in Israel

Palestinian Youth in Conflict

A Childhood Denied

The First Intifada, 1987-1993

Exhilaration of Revolt, Promise of Freedom

Palestinian Political Prisoners in Israeli Jails

Large-Scale Incarceration and Resistance

The October 2000 Events in Israel

The Violent Repression of a Palestinian Solidarity Outburst

Israel’s Gaza Redeployment, 2005

Exacerbating the Siege and Targeting the Land of the West Bank

The Village of al-Araqib

Rebuilding Home for the Hundredth Time and Beyond

Palestinian Politics and Political Movements

The Palestine Communist Party

1919–1948

Palestine Liberation Organization (I)

The Reemergence of the Palestinian National Movement

Palestine Liberation Organization (II)

From the Limelight to the Backstage

The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (I)

1957-1990

The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (II)

1990-present

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – PFLP

1967-present

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP

1969-present

The Palestinian Communist Movement

1948-present

The Islamic Resistance Movement – Hamas

1987–present

The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine

1980–present

The Palestinian National Initiative Movement - Al-Mubadara

2002-present

The Palestinians and the Israeli Communist Party

1948-present

Palestinian Refugees

From Relief Provider to Vector of Identity

The Evolving Infrastructure of Palestinian Refugee Camps

Perpetuating the Temporary

Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon

A Vulnerable Yet Vibrant Community

Palestinian Refugees in Syria

Fully Integrated, for Better and for Worse

Palestinians in Jordan, 1948-1967

The Making of the “Jordanians of Palestinian Origin”

Palestinians in Jordan Since 1967

A Never-Ending Normalization

Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank

Determined to Stay High on the National Agenda

Palestinian Refugees in the Gaza Strip, 1948-1967

The Political and Social Remodeling of a Cramped Palestinian Space

Palestinian Refugees in the Gaza Strip Since 1967

Incubators of Resistance

The March 1955 Outburst in the Gaza Strip

Thwarting Resettlement Schemes

Israel’s Policy toward Refugees in the Gaza Strip

A Site of Continual Displacement

Balata Refugee Camp

West Bank

Burj al-Barajneh Refugee Camp

Lebanon

Dheisheh Refugee Camp

West Bank

Al-Fawwar Refugee Camp

West Bank

Rashidiyya Refugee Camp

Lebanon

Society and Economy

Demography and the Palestine Question (I)

1850s-1948

Demography and the Palestine Question (II)

1948-2048

Palestinian Informal Justice

Thriving in the Shadow of Colonialism

Arab Labor in Mandate Palestine

The Emergence of a Working Class

Palestinian Trade Unionism, 1920-1948

A Dynamic Movement Ripped Apart by the Nakba

The Education of Palestinians in Israel

Struggling to Break Free from a System of Marginalization

Urban Palestine

Divergent Trajectories of Spatial and Social Transformations

Palestinian Women in the Labor Market

A Burgeoning Workforce Curbed by Israel’s Colonialism

Nablus Soap Production

The Decline of an Ancient Heritage

Traditions, Arts and Culture

Meanings of the Nakba

Transformations through Time and Place

Colonial Transformation of a Spiritual City

Muslim Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

The Religious-Political Ramifications of Israeli Occupation

Architecture and Urban Planning in Palestine

Caught Between Domination, Devastation and Mismanagement

Preservation of Heritage in Palestine

A Rising Awareness of an Imperiled Treasure

Palestinian Music

Blending Levantine Sounds and the Power of Poetry

Palestinian Theater

The Bumpy History of a Maturing Art

Palestinian Photographers before 1948

Documenting Life in a Time of Change

Palestinian Embroidery

A Rich and Diverse National Heritage

Palestinian Visual Arts (I)

Beginners (1795-1955)

Palestinian Visual Arts (II)

Pathfinders (1955-1965)

Palestinian Visual Arts (III)

Explorers (1965-1995)

Palestinian Visual Arts (IV)

Present Tense: New Directions (1995-2016)

The Palestinian Poster

Popularizing National Landmarks and Symbols

The Palestinian Short Story

Exile, Sorrow, and Black Humor

The Palestinian Novel

Literature of the Oppressed in a Dispersed Geography

Expressions of Cultural Life in Post-1948 Haifa

Toward an Autonomous Palestinian Field