interactive encyclopedia of the palestine question – palquest | highlights

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Key Phases of the Palestine Question

I. Ottoman Rule

II. British Occupation and Early Mandate

III. Late Mandate

IV. The Palestine War And The Nakba

V. Reverberations Of 1948 Palestine War And The Arab-Israeli Conflict

VI. The Rise Of The Palestinian Movement In The Wake Of The 1967 Arab Defeat

VII. From A Sense Of Victory To Separate Peace And Civil War

VIII. Palestinian Defeat, Divisions And Survival

IX. The First Intifada And The Beginning Of Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations

X. The Oslo Process And The Establishment Of The Palestinian Authority

XI. The Al-Aqsa Intifada and the End of an Era in Palestinian Politics

XII. A Palestinian Authority Divided, Israeli Assaults on Gaza, and Peace Process Setbacks

XIII. With a Growingly Intractable Deadlock, Whither Palestine?

Regional and International Politics and Diplomacy

Ottoman Territorial Reorganization, 1840-1917

Preliminary Sketches of Mandate Palestine's Boundaries

Palestine-Lebanon Border

A Line Drawn with the Stroke of Foreign Pens

Palestine-Egypt Border

A Line Imposed by the British on the Ottomans

Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917

Promising Palestine Away

The King-Crane Commission of 1919

Setting a Pattern of Futile 'Peace' Initiatives

The Peel Commission, 1936–1937

Sowing the Seeds of the Partition

The 1946 Anglo-American Committee

Humanitarianism Over Justice

UN Partition Plan, 29 November 1947

Paving the Way to the Impending Nakba

The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine

Negotiating Palestine after the Nakba

Resolution 242, 22 November 1967

Ambiguous Parameters for a Middle East Settlement

Camp David Accords, 1978-1979

Shattering the Arab Front

Palestinian Declaration of Independence, 15 November 1988

Historic Undertakings For the Sake of Statehood

Madrid and the Oslo Agreement, 1991-1993

Short-Lived Promises of a Negotiated Settlement

Palestine and International Justice

The Long and Tortuous Quest for Accountability

China and the Palestine Question

From Revolutionary Solidarity to Rhetorical Support

The European Union and the Palestine Question

From Promising Ambitions to Crippling Divisions

France and the Palestine Question before 1948

Competition with the British, North African Considerations, Lukewarm Support for Zionism

Germany and the Palestine Question Since 1949

Breaking with the Nazi Past, Adapting to Changing Interests

The Palestine Question in German Public Discourse

A Conflation of Zionism, Israel and Judaism

Italy and the Palestine Question

From Supportive Equidistance to Hostility

The Republic of Ireland and the Palestine Question

Solidarity of the Colonized

Mexico and the Palestine Question

Equidistance… in Israel’s Favor

The New South Africa and the Palestine Question

From Good Offices to Total Support

Spain and the Palestine Question

Upholding Support for Palestine Amidst Growing Relations with Israel

Turkey and the Palestine Question

Torn between a Pro-Western Stance, Regional Considerations and Identity

The USSR and the Palestine Question, 1950–1991

Between Ideology and Realism

The IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism

Delegitimizing Criticism of Israel

Subjugation, Violence and Wars

Criminal Law in Mandate Palestine

A Repressive System with a Long-Lasting Impact

Palestine Police During the British Mandate

Law Enforcement in Service of Zionist Goals

Stages of a Forced Displacement

The Deir Yasin Massacre, 9 April 1948

An Ominous Sign of Worse to Come

Lydda, 9-13 July 1948

A City-Wide Massacre Culminating in the Death March

Al-Dawayima, 29 October 1948

A Most Brutal Massacre Long Kept Under Wraps

Palestinians Under Military Rule in Israel, 1948-1966

Governing the Lives of a Confined Population

Kafr Qasim, 29 October 1956

Israel’s Army Massacres Its Own Peaceful Citizens

The Political Failure of the Tripartite Aggression

A Watershed in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Battle of al-Karama, 21 March 1968

A Triggering Moment For the Palestinian Resistance

October 1973 War

A Daring Arab Initiative Followed by Ambivalent Results

Lebanon War, 1982

A Setback for the PLO and for Israel's 'Grand Design'

Sabra and Shatila, 16-18 September 1982

A Massacre by Proxy

The War on Gaza, 2008–2009

Israel’s Strategic Quandary

The 2014 Gaza War

An Asymetric Draw

The May 2021 Gaza War

Against New Challenges, Israel’s Old Recipes

The Israeli Military

The Myth of “the Most Moral Army in the World”

Colonialism and Palestinian Resistance

World Zionist Organization

Setting the Stage for a Jewish State in Palestine

Great Palestinian Rebellion, 1936-1939

A Popular Uprising Facing a Ruthless Repression

Steadfastness as Everyday Resistance

Israel’s Appropriation of Palestinian Property

Cooking Up Laws for the Sake of Land Grab

Colonization and Dispossession

Zionism's Imagined Geography

The Judaization of the Galilee

A Long-Lasting Strategy Faced by a Bulwark of Palestinian Tenacity

Palestinians in Israel’s “Mixed Cities”

Manufacturing Ghettoes, Erasing History

The Separation Wall

Security, Grabbing Land, Strangling Palestinians

Present Absentees in Israel

Exiled in Their Own Homeland

Palestinian Citizenship in Israel

An Unwanted Minority Asserts Its Narrative and Identity

Israel’s Apartheid Regime

Entrenching Supremacism over the Palestinians

The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, 14 May 1948

An Ambiguous Constitutional-Legal Status

Israel’s Basic Law on Human Dignity and Liberty, 1992

Jewish Identity at the Expense of Citizen Equality

Israel's Nation-State Law, 2018

Enshrining Discrimination

Land Day, 30 March 1976

A Turning Point in the Defense of Palestinian Lands in Israel

Palestinian Political Prisoners in Israeli Jails

Large-Scale Incarceration and Resistance

Palestinian Youth in Conflict

A Childhood Denied

The First Intifada, 1987-1993

Exhilaration of Revolt, Promise of Freedom

The Second Intifada, 2000-2005

Mounting Confrontation, Shattered Aspirations

The October 2000 Events in Israel

The Violent Repression of a Palestinian Solidarity Outburst

Israel’s Gaza Redeployment, 2005

Exacerbating the Siege and Targeting the Land of the West Bank

The Village of al-Araqib

Rebuilding Home for the Hundredth Time and Beyond

Palestinian Politics and Political Movements

The Palestine Communist Party

Palestine Liberation Organization (I)

The Reemergence of the Palestinian National Movement

Palestine Liberation Organization (II)

From the Limelight to the Backstage

The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (I)

The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (II)

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – PFLP

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP

The Palestinian Communist Movement

The Islamic Resistance Movement – Hamas

The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine

The Palestinian National Initiative Movement - Al-Mubadara

The Palestinians and the Israeli Communist Party

The Palestinian National Movement and the Jewish Question (I)

Before the Nakba

The Palestinian National Movement and the Jewish Question (II)

After the Nakba

Palestinian Refugees

From Relief Provider to Vector of Identity

The Evolving Infrastructure of Palestinian Refugee Camps

Perpetuating the Temporary

Palestinian Refugees in Lebanon

A Vulnerable Yet Vibrant Community

Palestinian Refugees in Syria

Fully Integrated, for Better and for Worse

Palestinians in Jordan, 1948-1967

The Making of the “Jordanians of Palestinian Origin”

Palestinians in Jordan Since 1967

A Never-Ending Normalization

Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank

Determined to Stay High on the National Agenda

Palestinian Refugees in the Gaza Strip, 1948-1967

The Political and Social Remodeling of a Cramped Palestinian Space

UNRWA's Education System

A Palestinian-Shaped Undertaking

Palestinian Refugees in the Gaza Strip Since 1967

Incubators of Resistance

The March 1955 Outburst in the Gaza Strip

Thwarting Resettlement Schemes

Israel’s Policy toward Refugees in the Gaza Strip

A Site of Continual Displacement

Balata Refugee Camp

Baqa‘a Refugee Camp

Beddawi Refugee Camp

Burj al-Barajneh Refugee Camp

Dera‘a Refugee Camp

Dheisheh Refugee Camp

Ein el Tal (Handarat) Refugee Camp

Fawwar Refugee Camp

Homs (A'ideen) Refugee Camp

Husn (Martyr Azmi el-Mufti) Refugee Camp

Husseiniyeh Refugee (Gathering) Camp

Jabal al-Hussein Refugee Camp

Al-Jalazone Refugee Camp

Jaramana Refugee Camp

Jalil (Wavel) Refugee Camp

Khan Dunoun Refugee Camp

Khan Eshieh Refugee Camp

Mar Elias Refugee Camp

Marka Refugee Camp

Nahr el-Bared Refugee Camp

Al-Raml (Latakia) Refugee Camp

Rashidiyya Refugee Camp

Shatila Refugee Camp

Sayida Zeinab (Qabr Essit) Refugee Camp

Sbeineh Refugee Camp

Tal al-Za‘atar Refugee Camp

Talbieh Refugee Camp

Wihdat Refugee Camp

Yarmouk Refugee Camp

Society and Economy

The Palestine Exploration Fund

Philanthropy, Exploration and Imperial Scheming

Public Contracts during the Mandate

Colonial Deals in Favor of Zionist Goals

Demography and the Palestine Question (I)

Demography and the Palestine Question (II)

Palestinian Informal Justice

Thriving in the Shadow of Colonialism

Arab Labor in Mandate Palestine

The Emergence of a Working Class

Palestinian Trade Unionism, 1920-1948

A Dynamic Movement Ripped Apart by the Nakba

The Education of Palestinians in Israel

Struggling to Break Free from a System of Marginalization

Urban Palestine

Divergent Trajectories of Spatial and Social Transformations

Palestinian-Israeli Protocol on Economic Relations

Perpetuating Israel’s Structural Dominance

Palestinian Labor in Israel

A Fluctuating Market Subject to Israel’s Interests

Palestinian Women in the Labor Market

A Burgeoning Workforce Curbed by Israel’s Colonialism

The Algerians of Palestine

The Bosnians of Palestine

Palestinian Emigration (I)

Palestinian Emigration (II)

The Palestinians in Chile

A Large Community, Fully Chilean, Fully Engaged for Palestine

Palestinians in Germany

From Melancholia to Anger

The Palestinians in Peru

A Small, Dynamic Community with a 140-Year History

Olive Oil Production in the Late Ottoman Rule

Embracing New Technology within a Deeply Rooted Tradition

The Palestinians in Sweden

Engaged for Palestine beyond their Diverse Legal Statuses

Nablus Soap Production

The Decline of an Ancient Heritage

Traditions, Arts and Culture

Palestinian Culture and Expressions of Identity

Meanings of the Nakba

Transformations through Time and Place

The Palestinian Flag

A Symbol of Identity and Solidarity

Colonial Transformation of a Spiritual City

Muslim Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

The Religious-Political Ramifications of Israeli Occupation

Architecture and Urban Planning in Palestine

Caught Between Domination, Devastation and Mismanagement

Preservation of Heritage in Palestine

A Rising Awareness of an Imperiled Treasure

Palestinian Music

Blending Levantine Sounds and the Power of Poetry

Palestinian Music in Exile

Traditions and Resistance

The Palestine Radio, 1936-1948

The Contradictory Effects of a Government-Run Station

Palestinian Theater

The Bumpy History of a Maturing Art

Palestinian Photographers before 1948

Documenting Life in a Time of Change

Palestinian Cinema

From Serving the Revolution to Creative Expression

Palestinian Embroidery

A Rich and Diverse National Heritage

Palestinian Visual Arts (I)

Beginners (1795-1955)

Palestinian Visual Arts (II)

Pathfinders (1955-1965)

Palestinian Visual Arts (III)

Explorers (1965-1995)

Palestinian Visual Arts (IV)

Present Tense: New Directions (1995-2016)

The Palestinian Poster

Popularizing National Landmarks and Symbols

The Palestinian Short Story

Exile, Sorrow, and Black Humor

The Palestinian Novel

Literature of the Oppressed in a Dispersed Geography

Expressions of Cultural Life in Post-1948 Haifa

Toward an Autonomous Palestinian Field