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Events

Ottoman Conquest of the Levant

24 August 1516 - 12 January 1517

Edification and Restoration Works of Sultan Suleiman in Jerusalem

Ottoman Pledges to Grant Facilities to France: Towards the Capitulations Regime

18 October 1569 - 1613

A Religious Component Related to Jerusalem and Other Elements Are Added to a Capitulation Granted to France

20 May 1604 - 17 April 1607

Greek Orthodox Backlash against Provision on Jerusalem's Holy Sites in Capitulation of 1604

The Rise of Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani in Northern Palestine

A New Ottoman Capitulation: From Gracious Protection to Extraterritorial Immunities

Palestine Under Zahir al-Umar: Locus of Renewed Ambition by Mamluk Muhammad Bey Abu al-Zahab

September 1773 - 11 June 1775

With the Ottoman-Russian Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji, Capitulations Turn into Bilateral Treaties

Acre Under Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar

Founding Principles of Ottoman Reform: The Tanzimat I

3 November 1839

Ottoman Firman Confirms Status Quo in Jerusalem and Bethlehem Christian Holy Places

8 February 1852

A New Ottoman Firman on Christian Holy Places Causes Confusion; Holy Places as a Trigger of the Crimean War

21 March 1852 - 4 October 1853

Founding Principles of Ottoman Reform: The Tanzimat Stage II

18 February 1856

Toward the Treaty of Paris Ending the Crimean War and Strengthening the European Influence on the Ottoman Empire

25 February 1856 - 30 March 1856

Jerusalem Area Designated as a Sanjaq

Sultan Abd al-Hamid II and the Ottoman Constitution

31 August 1876 - 19 December 1876

Jerusalem Representation in the First and Second Ottoman Parliaments

19 March 1877 - 14 February 1878

Great Britain Invades Egypt; Egypt as a British Veiled Protectorate

Young Turk Revolution

Establishment of the Qahtani Society in Istanbul

Zionist Attempt to Buy 1.5 Million Dunams in the Jordan Valley

March 1909 - July 1909

The Ottomans Sign the Armistice of Mudros; Istanbul Is Occupied

30 October 1918 - 13 November 1918

Formation of the Arab National League (ANL) in New York

August 1937 - May 1941

Outbreak of World War II

1 September 1939

End of World War II

8 May 1945 - 15 August 1945

Setting up an Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question

23 September 1947 - 25 November 1947

UNGA Res. 181 (II): Palestine Partition Plan

29 November 1947

First Phase of Palestine War: Offensive Defense versus Active Defense

29 November 1947 - 10 March 1948

The Palestine Commission Submits First Reports to Security Council

29 January 1948 - 16 February 1948

SC Res. 42: Appealing Permanent Members for Guidance on Palestine

Anti-Monarchic Coup in Iraq

19 June 1970 - 7 August 1970

1st Extraordinary Session of the Palestine National Council Is Held in Amman

27 August 1970 - 28 August 1970

October War, From the 6th to 10th Day

11 October 1973 - 14 October 1973

Negotiations for Sinai II Fail

7 March 1975 - 22 March 1975

Sinai II Agreement Reached

20 August 1975 - 4 September 1975

Assassination of Abu Hasan Qasim, Hamdi Sultan al-Tamimi and Marwan Kayyali in Limassol

14 February 1988

The Mirage of the 5-Year Countdown to Palestinian Statehood

4 May 1994 - 3 May 1999

Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Oslo II)

28 September 1995

Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Maps the Shape of the Israeli-Palestinian Permanent Solution

Israeli Army Redeploys from Areas in the West Bank

November 1995 - December 1995

Palestinian Presidential and Legislative Elections

20 January 1996

Start of the Countdown for the Three-Phase Further Redeployment in the West Bank

Redeployment from Hebron Delayed

21st Palestine National Council Is Held in Gaza

22 April 1996 - 24 April 1996

Protocol on Redeployment in Hebron Signed

6 October 1996 - 16 January 1997

Ambiguous and Weakened Assurances on Further Redeployment

16 January 1997

Israeli Settlement Activities Amid Attempts to Resume Talks

10 September 1997 - 6 November 1997

US Position on Further Redeployment and Palestinian Obligations

5 December 1997 - 3 September 1998

Wye River Plantation Meeting; Memorandum Signed

15 October 1998 - 23 October 1998

Israeli Obstacles to Wye River Implementation; First Stage Redeployment Only

30 October 1998 - 17 May 1999

To Declare a Palestinian State at the End of the Transitional Period?

28 December 1998 - 25 April 1999

King Hussein Dies; Eldest Son Is Crowned King Abdullah II

17 February 1999

Sharm al-Shaykh Memorandum (Wye II Accord)

4 September 1999

Implementation of Sharm al-Shaykh Memorandum (Wye II)

10 September 1999 - 20 March 2000

Official Resumption of Final Status Talks

13 September 1999 - 6 December 1999

Failure to Reach a FAPS by 13 February 2000 Target Date

8 December 1999 - 6 February 2000

PLO Central Council Meeting Is Held in Gaza

2 February 2000 - 3 February 2000

Sharm al-Shaykh Summit

16 October 2000 - 18 October 2000

Jordanian-Egyptian Proposal for a Cease-Fire and a Resumption of Talks

16 April 2001 - 27 April 2001

14th Arab Summit Meets in Beirut and Adopts Saudi Peace Initiative

27 March 2002 - 28 March 2002

Reactions to Bush's Assurances to Sharon RE Disengagement Plan

15 April 2004 - 6 May 2004

Israel Breaks the Gaza Cease-Fire

4 November 2008 - 30 November 2008

War on Gaza, Day 19: Hamas Cease-Fire Offer

14 January 2009

The Obama Administration Prepares its Peace Initiative with the Arab Side

21 April 2009 - 28 May 2009

Direct Israeli-Palestinian Talks, Mediated by George Mitchell, Formally Relaunched in Washington

1 September 2010 - 2 September 2010

Jordanian-Palestinian Agreement on Holy Sites in Jerusalem

Stakes Related to Whether Israel Will Release, as Agreed, the 4th Group of Palestinian Prisoners

17 March 2014 - 29 March 2014

The 2014 Gaza War: Israel Launches Ground Invasion (Phase II)

17 July 2014 - 31 July 2014

Netanyahu Reaffirms Status Quo at Haram al-Sharif; Cameras at Haram al-Sharif?

22 October 2015 - 24 October 2015

The US, Egypt, Jordan and Israel Hold a Secret Summit Meeting in Aqaba

21 February 2016

Israeli-Palestinian Joint Water Committee Reactivated

15 January 2017

PA Issues Building Permits in Area C

The May 2021 Gaza War

10 May 2021 - 21 May 2021

Biographies

Yusuf Diya-uddin al-Khalidi

Hafiz al-Sa’id

Musa Kazim Husseini

1853 - 26 March 1934

1860 - 13 April 1930

As‘ad al-Shuqairi

1860 - February 1940

Muhammad Ruhi al-Khalidi

1864 - 6 August 1913

1865 - 3 March 1948

Boulos Shehadeh

1882 - 1 August 1943

Raghib al-Nashashibi

Ahmad Hilmi Pasha Abd al-Baqi

1882 - 29 June 1963

Abd al-Latif Salah

1884 - 8 November 1952

1885 - 19 December 1953

Mu‘in al-Madi

Muhammad Izzat Darwaza

21 June 1887 - 26 July 1984

Rafiq al-Tamimi

Awni Abd al-Hadi

1889 - 15 March 1970

George Antonius

Jamal al-Husseini

1892 - 5 July 1982

2 April 1892 - 24 April 1965

27 July 1894 - 6 August 1993

Muhammad Amin al-Husseini

1895 - 4 July 1974

Muhammad Ali al-Taher

1896 - 22 August 1974

8 May 1897 - 8 June 1984

Ishaq Musa al-Husseini

1904 - 17 December 1990

1905 - 21 May 1985

23 April 1907 - 1 October 1947

Abd al-Qadir al-Husseini

1908 - 8 April 1948

Ahmad al-Shuqairi

1908 - 25 February 1980

Abd al-Karim al-Karmi (Abu Salma)

1909 - 11 October 1980

Constantine Zurayk

18 April 1909 - 12 August 2000

1910 - 26 February 1971

Sami Taha Hamran

1911 - 11 September 1947

Abd al-Majid Shuman

1912 - 5 July 2005

Hind al-Husseini

25 April 1916 - 13 September 1994

1917 - 12 December 2003

16 March 1919 - 27 August 1985

2 December 1920 - 29 July 2003

Rajeh al-Salfiti

1921 - 27 May 1990

1 August 1925 - 26 January 2008

24 August 1929 - 11 November 2004

1 November 1935 - 24 September 2003

Yahya al-Sinwar

19 October 1962 - 17 October 2024

Historical Texts

Basel (Zionist) Program

Letter from Theodore Herzl to Yusuf Diya-uddin al-Khalidi

Ottoman-Egyptian Separating Line Agreement

Proclamation of the Independence of Syria

Palin Commission Report

Report by the Haycraft Commission of Inquiry into the May 1921 Jaffa Riots

The Supreme Islamic Shari'a Council Order

20 December 1921

The Palestine Order in Council (Palestine Constitution)

Shaw Commission Report

The Hope Simpson Report

MacDonald's Letter to Weizmann

13 February 1931

Palestine (Western or Wailing Wall) Order in Council, 1931

Statement of the Arab National Conference

13 December 1931

The Murison Commission Report

Proposed New Constitution for Palestine

22 December 1935 - 23 December 1935

The Palestine (Defence) Order in Council, 1937

Peel Commission Report

Palestine Partition Commission (Woodhead Commission) Report

9 November 1938

MacDonald White Paper

Reply of Arab Higher Committee on MacDonald White Paper

Land Transfers Regulations, 1940

20 February 1940

The Defence (Emergency) Regulations, 1945

22 September 1945

Bevin's Statement on Formation of an Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry

13 November 1945

Report of the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry

Council of the Arab League: Establishment of a Unified Palestinian Arab Higher Committee

Statement by the Council of the Arab League on the Anglo-American Committee's Report on Palestine

The Grady-Morrison Plan

Arab Constitutional Proposals at London Roundtable Conference

30 September 1946

UNSCOP Minority Proposal: Federal State Plan

3 September 1947

UNSCOP Majority Proposal: Partition Plan

3 September 1947

UNSCOP Recommendations Approved Unanimously or by Substantial Majority

3 September 1947

UNGA Partition Plan

29 November 1947

UN Palestine Commission First Report

29 January 1948

UN Palestine Commission Report on Security in Palestine

16 February 1948

Statement by the Committee of the Christian Union of Palestine

UNSC Resolution 42

SC Res. 44: Requesting a GA ٍSpecial Session on Future Palestine Government

UNGA Resolution 186 (S-2)

Statement by the Governments of the Arab League States on their Military Intervention in Palestine

Suggestions Presented by the UN Mediator on Palestine (Bernadotte) to the Two Parties

Progress Report of the UN Mediator on Palestine (Bernadotte)

16 September 1948

Egypt-Israel General Armistice Agreement

24 February 1949

Lebanon-Israel General Armistice Agreement

Jordan-Israel General Armistice Agreement

Ad Hoc Political Committee Resolution on Israel’s Application for UN Membership

Syria–Israel General Armistice Agreement

United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine: Fourth Progress Report

22 September 1949

UNGA Resolution 303

9 December 1949

Absentees' Property Law, 5710-1950

Agreement between the Government of the Kingdom of Egypt And the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

12 September 1950

UNGA Resolution 393 (V)

2 December 1950

Agreement between the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan And the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

Exchange of Notes Between Lebanon and UNRWA

26 November 1954

Special Report of the Director of the UNRWA

15 December 1956

Proclamation of the Constitutional Statute of Gaza, 1962

Basic Law of the PLO

Exchange of Letters Between Israel and UNRWA

UNSC Resolution 242

22 November 1967

Amended Basic Law of the Palestine Liberation Organization

Palestine National Council, 7th Session: Resolutions

Palestinian National Council, Emergency Session: Resolutions

Sixth Arab Summit: Confidential Decisions

28 November 1973

Palestine National Council, 11th Session: Political Program

12 December 1973

Framework for Peace in the Middle East (Camp David Accords)

17 September 1978

Ninth Arab Summit: Final Statement

2 November 1978 - 5 November 1978

Peace Treaty between Israel and Egypt

Israeli Model for the Self-Governing Authority

16 January 1980

Egyptian Model for Palestinian Full Autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip

28 January 1980

Statement of First National Festival of Palestinian Literature in the Occupied Land

Israel's Proposals for the Self-Governing Authority in the West Bank and Gaza

31 January 1982

Draft of UNSC Resolution 14985

Secretary-General Report A/39/130 - S/16409

The London Agreement

Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)

UNGA Resolution 43/177

15 December 1988

Israel's "Peace Initiative"

Extraordinary Arab Summit, 1989: Resolution on the Palestine Question

23 May 1989 - 26 May 1989

Palestine National Council, 20th Session: Political Statement

28 September 1991

Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements (Oslo I Accord)

13 September 1993

Palestinian-Israeli Protocol on Economic Relations

Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area

Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

28 September 1995

The Beilin – Abu Mazen Document

31 October 1995

Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron

17 January 1997

UNGA Resolution ES-10/2

Legal Personality Agreement Between Israel and the Holy See

10 November 1997

UNGA Resolution 52/250

Wye River Memorandum

23 October 1998

Protocol Concerning Safe Passage Between the West Bank and the Gaza Strip

A Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

The Geneva Accord

12 October 2003 - 1 December 2003

UNGA Resolution ES-10/14

12 December 2003

Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s Disengagement Plan: Key Principles

Letter Dated 4 May 2009 from the Secretary-General Addressed to the President of the Security Council

Report of the Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (Goldstone Report)

25 September 2009

Application of Palestine for admission to membership in the United Nations

23 September 2011

UNGA Resolution 67/19

29 November 2012

Jordanian-Palestinian Agreement on Holy Sites in Jerusalem

Draft of UNSC Resolution 2014/916

30 December 2014

Report of the UNHِQ Board of Inquiry Into Incidents Affecting UNRWA Schools during the 2014 Gaza War

Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict

Report of the Middle East Quartet

UNSC Resolution 2334

23 December 2016

Middle East Peace Conference Joint Declaration

15 January 2017

UNESCWA Report on Israeli Apartheid

Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry: On the Protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory

28 February 2019

30th Arab Summit: Tunis Declaration

Statement of ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda On Opening an Investigation into War Crimes in Palestine

20 December 2019

ICC Decision on its Jurisdiction in Palestine

5 February 2021

Framework for Cooperation between UNRWA and the USA, 2021-2022

Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry to HRC

Historical Media

Young Turks Revolution

Illegal Immigration (I)

Illegal Immigration (II)

Charts

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Jewish Immigration

1948 - 2013

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Fertility Rate

1962 - 2018

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Palestinians in the Diaspora (2)

2000

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Palestinians in the Diaspora (1)

2000 - 2010

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Projections of Population (1)

2015 - 2048

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Projections of Population (2)

2015 - 2048

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (II) - Projections of Population (3)

2015 - 2048

Highlights

Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917

Promising Palestine Away

UN Partition Plan, 29 November 1947

Paving the Way to the Impending Nakba

Demography and the Palestine Question (II)

Palestine Liberation Organization (II)

From the Limelight to the Backstage

Palestinian Visual Arts (I)

Beginners (1795-1955)

Palestinian Visual Arts (II)

Pathfinders (1955-1965)

Arab Labor in Mandate Palestine

The Emergence of a Working Class

Palestinian Women in the Labor Market

A Burgeoning Workforce Curbed by Israel’s Colonialism

Palestinian Trade Unionism, 1920-1948

A Dynamic Movement Ripped Apart by the Nakba

Al-Dawayima, 29 October 1948

A Most Brutal Massacre Long Kept Under Wraps

The Evolving Infrastructure of Palestinian Refugee Camps

Perpetuating the Temporary

Criminal Law in Mandate Palestine

A Repressive System with a Long-Lasting Impact

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – PFLP

The Palestinian National Liberation Movement – Fatah (II)

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine – DFLP

The Palestine Communist Party

Lydda, 9-13 July 1948

A City-Wide Massacre Culminating in the Death March

The United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine

Negotiating Palestine after the Nakba

Palestine Police During the British Mandate

Law Enforcement in Service of Zionist Goals

Expressions of Cultural Life in Post-1948 Haifa

Toward an Autonomous Palestinian Field

I. Ottoman Rule

II. British Occupation and Early Mandate

III. Late Mandate

VI. Rise of The Palestinian National Movement

X. Oslo Process: Towards Failure

XIII. A Growingly Intractable Deadlock

The Palestinian National Initiative Movement - Al-Mubadara

Palestinian Cinema

From Serving the Revolution to Creative Expression

The Palestine Radio, 1936-1948

The Contradictory Effects of a Government-Run Station

The Palestinian National Movement and the Jewish Question (I)

Before the Nakba

The Palestinian National Movement and the Jewish Question (II)

After the Nakba

The Second Intifada, 2000-2005

Mounting Confrontation, Shattered Aspirations

Steadfastness as Everyday Resistance

Palestinian Emigration (II)

The 1946 Anglo-American Committee

Humanitarianism Over Justice

Palestine and International Justice

The Long and Tortuous Quest for Accountability

France and the Palestine Question Before 1948

Competition with the British, North African Considerations, Lukewarm Support for Zionism

UNRWA's Education System

A Palestinian-Shaped Undertaking

Spain and the Palestine Question

Upholding Support for Palestine Amidst Growing Relations with Israel

The Bosnians of Palestine

Germany and the Palestine Question Since 1949

Breaking with the Nazi Past, Adapting to Changing Interests

The Palestine Question in German Public Discourse

A Conflation of Zionism, Israel and Judaism

The Separation Wall

Security, Grabbing Land, Strangling Palestinians

Italy and the Palestine Question

From Supportive Equidistance to Hostility

The European Union and the Palestine Question

From Promising Ambitions to Crippling Divisions

The Palestine Exploration Fund

Philanthropy, Exploration and Imperial Scheming

Palestine-Egypt Border

A Line Imposed by the British on the Ottomans

Palestinians in Germany

From Melancholia to Anger

Tal al-Za‘atar Refugee Camp

The USSR and the Palestine Question, 1950–1991

Between Ideology and Realism

Palestinian-Israeli Protocol on Economic Relations

Perpetuating Israel’s Structural Dominance

The United Kingdom and the Palestine Question Before 1917

Ideological and Colonialist Path to Conquest

The United States and the Palestine Question Before 1944

From Heavenly Jerusalem to Earthly Jerusalem

Canada and the Palestine Question

Israel First, Palestinians Second

Public Contracts during the Mandate

Colonial Deals in Favor of Zionist Goals

Great Palestinian Rebellion, 1936-1939

A Popular Uprising Facing a Ruthless Repression

Brazil and the Palestine Question

Competing Solidarities, Fluctuating Policies

Periods

II. British Occupation and Early Mandate

III. Late Mandate

Places

al-Batani al-Gharbi

al-Batani al-Sharqi

al-Masmiyya al-Kabira

al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya

al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya

al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya

al-Shaykh Muwannis

Balad al-Shaykh

Khirbat Bayt Lid

Daliyat al-Rawha'

Khirbat al-Tannur

Khirbat al-Zababida

Khirbat Bayt Far

Khirbat Qumbaza

Sarafand al-'Amar

al-Zahiriyya al-Tahta

Thematic Chronologies

Thematic Chronology

Israeli Assassination Campaign Within Palestine Borders (II)

2005-present