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Events

Ottoman Conquest of the Levant

The Naqib al-Ashraf Rebellion in Jerusalem

Acre under Zahir al-Umar al-Zaydani Challenges Direct Ottoman Rule

Acre Under Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar

Tax Revolt in Jerusalem

Ibrahim Pasha in Palestine

October 1831 - 1834

Uprising Against Egyptian Rule in Palestine

April 1834 - August 1834

Establishment of European and American Consulates in Jerusalem

International Intervention against Egyptian Rule in the Levant

The Tanzimat Are Issued

18 February 1856

Ottoman Land Code, 7 Ramadan 1274

Ottoman Law of the Provinces: Administrative Reorganization in Syria and Palestine

7 November 1864

Law Granting Foreigners the Right to Own Real Estate in the Ottoman Empire., 7 Safar 1284

Ottoman Education Law Is Passed

20 September 1869

Jerusalem Area Designated as a Sanjaq

Sultan Abd al-Hamid II and the Ottoman Constitution

31 August 1876 - 19 December 1876

Jerusalem Representation in the First and Second Ottoman Parliaments

19 March 1877 - 14 February 1878

The Ottoman Government Sets Out Principles Governing Jewish Immigration to the Empire

24 November 1881

Great Britain Invades and Occupies Egypt

Emerging Palestinian Opposition to Zionist Settlement: al-Yahudiyya Village Against Petah Tikva Settlement

Administrative Reorganization in Syria and Palestine

European Powers Press the Ottomans on Jewish Immigration

2 March 1888 - 4 October 1888

Nine Jewish Colonies Are Established in Palestine in the 1890s

Building of the Jaffa-Jerusalem Railroad Line

31 March 1890 - 26 September 1892

The Ottomans and Sale of Land to Jews in Palestine

26 November 1892 - 3 April 1893

Ottoman Consolidated Regulations on Jewish Residence and Land Purchase in Palestine

29 November 1900 - 28 January 1901

Palestinian Peasants in Tiberias Score a Rare Success Against Zionist Land Acquisition

8 December 1900 - 11 November 1901

France and the Ottoman Empire Sign the Mytilene Agreements

2 November 1901 - 10 November 1901

Establishment of the Anglo-Palestine Company

7 July 1903 - 24 November 1903

Publication of The Awakening of the Arab Nation in Asiatic Turkey by Najib Azoury

Emerging Palestinian Identity and Arab Nationalism

Establishment of the Rawdat al-Ma'arif al-Wataniyya al-'Uthmaniyya al-Islamiyya in Jerusalem

Ottoman-Egyptian Separating Line Agreement

Zionist Evasion of Ottoman Regulations

Young Turk Revolution

Establishment of the Arab-Ottoman Brotherhood Society in Istanbul

2 September 1908 - April 1909

Elections Held for Third Ottoman Parliament; Five Representatives from Regions in Palestine

17 December 1908 - 17 January 1912

Establishment of the Qahtani Society in Istanbul

Zionist Attempt to Buy 1.5 Million Dunams in the Jordan Valley

March 1909 - July 1909

Palestinian Members of the Ottoman Parliament Express Opposition to Zionist Objectives

June 1909 - 2 November 1909

Establishment of the Literary Club in Istanbul

July 1909 - March 1915

Enactment of the Ottoman Associations Law

Formation of the Moderate Liberal Party and the Entente Libérale Party in Istanbul

30 October 1909 - 8 November 1911

Arab Ottoman Parliamentarians Address Minister of Interior

Formation of the Young Arab Society in Paris

First Major Debate on Zionism in Ottoman Parliament

March 1911 - May 1911

European Powers Renew Pressure on the Ottomans to Ease Zionist Land Acquisition in Palestine

Elections Held for Fourth Ottoman Parliament; Five Representatives from Regions in Palestine

18 April 1912 - 5 August 1912

Formation of the Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization in Cairo

The Arab Congress Meets in Paris

17 June 1913 - 24 June 1913

A Zionist–Arab Incident in Zarnuqa

Elections Held for Fifth Ottoman Parliament; Six Representatives from Regions in Palestine

World War I, the Ottomans Enter the War

1 August 1914 - February 1915

Hussein-McMahon Correspondence: Prelude to the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans

14 July 1915 - 30 March 1916

Jemal Pasha Orders the Public Hanging of Arab Nationalists from the Levant

21 August 1915 - 6 May 1916

The Sykes-Picot Agreement Defines the British and French Spheres of Influence over the Ottoman Arab Provinces

23 November 1915 - 16 May 1916

Start of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans

The British Prepare for the Occupation of Palestine

First Stage of British Palestine Campaign: Gaza Does not Fall

28 February 1917 - 19 April 1917

Second Stage of British Palestine Campaign: From Bir al-Sabi' and Gaza to Jerusalem

31 October 1917 - 9 December 1917

Limited British Advances; Stabilization of the Military Front

21 December 1917 - 21 April 1918

The Fourteen Points of US President Woodrow Wilson

British Failed Attempts to Conquer Transjordan

21 March 1918 - 4 May 1918

Third Stage of British Palestine Campaign: Completion of the Conquest of Palestine

19 September 1918 - 25 September 1918

British Conquest of Transjordan Is Achieved

22 September 1918 - 27 September 1918

Conquest of Damascus; Faisal Enters Liberated City

26 September 1918 - 3 October 1918

General Allenby Issues Guidelines for the Military Occupation of the Levant

23 October 1918

The Ottomans Sign the Armistice of Mudros; Istanbul Is Occupied

30 October 1918 - 13 November 1918

1st Palestinian National Congress Is Held in Jerusalem

27 January 1919 - 10 February 1919

Appointment of the King-Crane Commission

20 March 1919 - 21 July 1919

The Mandate System: Article 22 of the League of Nations Covenant

10 January 1920

Nabi Musa Festival: Palestinian Mobilization and Palestinian-Zionist Clashes

2 April 1920 - 9 April 1920

San Remo Conference: Distribution of Mandates

The Ottomans Sign the Treaty of Sèvres; The Turkish National Assembly in Ankara Rejects It

Mahlul Land Ordinance

Mewat Land Ordinance

16 February 1921

Treaty of Lausanne Is Signed with Ataturk's Turkey

Tension Over al-Buraq/ Western Wall

23 September 1928 - 30 October 1928

White Paper (Amery) on Status Quo at al-Buraq / Western Wall

19 November 1928 - 27 December 1928

Report of the International Commission on al-Buraq / Western Wall

1 December 1930

An Arab National Conference Meets on the Sidelines of the Pan-Islamic Congress

13 December 1931

The Settlement of Tel ‘Amal Is Founded Overnight in the Baysan Region

10 December 1936

Criminal Code Ordinance of 1936

The Palestine Archeological Museum Opens Its Doors in Jerusalem

13 January 1938

Land Law, 5729-1969

French-Palestinian Agreement on Status of French Institutions Under Palestinian Authority

12 December 1997 - 18 December 1997

Inauguration of LVGR, the Gaza International Airport

20 November 1998 - 24 November 1998

Invasion of Nablus: Fierce Resistance

3 April 2002 - 21 April 2002

Palestinian Legislative Elections: Parties and Factions Sign a Code of Conduct

17 October 2005

The 2014 Gaza War

7 July 2014 - 26 August 2014

The Knesset Adopts an Amendment to the Penal Code Imposing Minimum Sentences for Stone-Throwers

2 November 2015

The Knesset Adopts Amendment No. 116 to the Planning and Building Law (Kaminitz Law)

Amendment by the Knesset of Its Code of Ethics to Allow Restricting Palestinian Members' Travel Abroad

22 January 2018 - 13 March 2018

Church of the Holy Sepulchre Temporarily Closes in Protest

25 February 2018 - 28 February 2018

US Erases the 4-June Line

28 October 2020 - 19 November 2020

The May 2021 Gaza War

10 May 2021 - 21 May 2021

Biographies

Hafiz al-Sa’id

Musa Kazim Husseini

1853 - 26 March 1934

1859 - 21 July 1921

As‘ad al-Shuqairi

1860 - February 1940

Muhammad Ruhi al-Khalidi

1864 - 6 August 1913

Jurji Habib Hanania

1865 - 3 March 1948

1868 - October 1930

Bendali Saliba al-Jawzi

Freih Abu Middein

1875 - 9 February 1949

1878 - 29 June 1950

Khalil al-Sakakini

23 January 1878 - 13 August 1953

Abdallah Mukhlis

27 December 1878 - 16 December 1947

1880 - 16 June 1946

Abd al-Qadir Muzaffar

1882 - 22 April 1942

Boulos Shehadeh

1882 - 1 August 1943

Raghib al-Nashashibi

Suleiman al-Taji al-Faruqi

Ahmad Hilmi Pasha Abd al-Baqi

1882 - 29 June 1963

24 September 1882 - 15 January 1964

Isaaf al-Nashashibi

1885 - 22 January 1948

1885 - 19 December 1953

Khalil Abdallah Totah

20 May 1886 - 24 February 1955

Muhammad Izzat Darwaza

21 June 1887 - 26 July 1984

Rashid al-Haj Ibrahim

Rafiq al-Tamimi

Awni Abd al-Hadi

1889 - 15 March 1970

Iskandar al-Khoury al-Beitjali

1889 - 7 July 1973

Omar al-Saleh al-Barghouti

1894 - 22 June 1965

27 July 1894 - 6 August 1993

Subhi al-Khadra

1895 - 4 July 1954

4 April 1895 - 26 August 1971

Ahmad Samih al-Khalidi

1896 - 27 September 1951

Wasif Jawhariyyeh

Mustafa al-Dabbagh

1897 - 1 October 1989

8 May 1897 - 8 June 1984

1905 - 21 May 1985

15 May 1905 - 17 November 1979

26 June 1905 - 21 May 1997

Ahmad al-Shuqairi

1908 - 25 February 1980

Qudsia Khourshid

5 August 1912 - 2 December 2009

16 March 1919 - 27 August 1985

Historical Media

Ottoman Empire - Administrative Division

Yusuf Diya-uddin Pasha al-Khalidi

The Constitutional School

Jemal Pasha Reviews His Troops

Historical Texts

Letter from Theodore Herzl to Yusuf Diya-uddin al-Khalidi

Ottoman-Egyptian Separating Line Agreement

Palin Commission Report

Report by the Haycraft Commission of Inquiry into the May 1921 Jaffa Riots

The Supreme Islamic Shari'a Council Order

20 December 1921

League of Nations - Mandate for Palestine

The Palestine Order in Council (Palestine Constitution)

Palestine Legislative Council Election Order, 1922

Report on Immigration, Land Settlement and Development (The Hope-Simpson Report)

Statement of the Arab National Conference

13 December 1931

The Murison Commission Report

Peel Commission Report

Reply of Arab Higher Committee on MacDonald White Paper

Pact of the League of Arab States

The Defence (Emergency) Regulations, 1945

22 September 1945

UNGA Partition Plan

29 November 1947

Statement by the Governments of the Arab League States on their Military Intervention in Palestine

Statement by the States, Members of the Arab League, on the Entry of Their Armies in Palestine

Israel: Law and Administration Ordinance

Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance No. 33, 5708-1948

23 September 1948

Egypt-Israel General Armistice Agreement

24 February 1949

Lebanon-Israel General Armistice Agreement

Syria–Israel General Armistice Agreement

Absentees' Property Law, 5710-1950

Prevention of Infiltration (Offences and Jurisdiction) Law 1954 (5714)

Palestine National Council, 7th Session: Resolutions

Palestinian National Council, Emergency Session: Resolutions

Address by President Anwar Sadat to the Knesset

20 November 1977

Palestine National Council, 14th Session: National Unity Programme

15 January 1979 - 22 January 1979

Kahan Commission of Inquiry Report into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut

7 February 1983

Palestinian Declaration of Independence

15 November 1988

Palestinian-Israeli Protocol on Economic Relations

The Mitchell Report

Law of 2003 Amending the Basic Law

The Geneva Accord

12 October 2003 - 1 December 2003

Palestinian Parties and Factions Code of Conduct during the Legislative Electoral Process

17 October 2005

Report of the Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (Goldstone Report)

25 September 2009

HRC Resolution S-21/1

Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict

UNESCWA Report on Israeli Apartheid

HRC Res. S-30/1: Establishing an Ongoing Commission of Inquiry on Palestine

Charts

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (I) - Population Figures

1914 - 1947

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (I) - Birth Rate

1924 - 1948

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (I) - Death Rate

1924 - 1948

Document

Demography and the Palestine Question (I) - Natural Growth

1924 - 1948

Highlights

Colonial Transformation of a Spiritual City

Architecture and Urban Planning in Palestine

Caught Between Domination, Devastation and Mismanagement

The Palestinian Novel

Literature of the Oppressed in a Dispersed Geography

Palestinian Photographers before 1948

Documenting Life in a Time of Change

Preservation of Heritage in Palestine

A Rising Awareness of an Imperiled Treasure

Palestinian Informal Justice

Thriving in the Shadow of Colonialism

Palestine Police During the British Mandate

Law Enforcement in Service of Zionist Goals

Colonization and Dispossession

Zionism's Imagined Geography

Palestinian Trade Unionism, 1920-1948

A Dynamic Movement Ripped Apart by the Nakba

World Zionist Organization

Setting the Stage for a Jewish State in Palestine

Demography and the Palestine Question (I)

Palestinian Emigration (I)

Olive Oil Production in the Late Ottoman Rule

Embracing New Technology within a Deeply Rooted Tradition

France and the Palestine Question before 1948

Competition with the British, North African Considerations, Lukewarm Support for Zionism

The Judaization of the Galilee

A Long-Lasting Strategy Faced by a Bulwark of Palestinian Tenacity

The Palestine Exploration Fund

Philanthropy, Exploration and Imperial Scheming

Nablus Soap Production

The Decline of an Ancient Heritage

The Israeli Military

The Myth of “the Most Moral Army in the World”

The Palestinians in Chile

A Large Community, Fully Chilean, Fully Engaged for Palestine

Jaramana Refugee Camp

II. British Occupation and Early Mandate

I. Ottoman Rule

The King-Crane Commission of 1919

Setting a Pattern of Futile 'Peace' Initiatives

The Palestinian Flag

A Symbol of Identity and Solidarity

Meanings of the Nakba

Transformations through Time and Place

Palestinian Visual Arts (I)

Beginners (1795-1955)

Ottoman Territorial Reorganization, 1840-1917

Preliminary Sketches of Mandate Palestine's Boundaries

Balfour Declaration, 2 November 1917

Promising Palestine Away

Palestine-Lebanon Border

A Line Drawn with the Stroke of Foreign Pens

The Palestinians in Peru

A Small, Dynamic Community with a 140-Year History

Muslim Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

The Religious-Political Ramifications of Israeli Occupation

Criminal Law in Mandate Palestine

A Repressive System with a Long-Lasting Impact

UN Partition Plan, 29 November 1947

Paving the Way to the Impending Nakba

Urban Palestine

Divergent Trajectories of Spatial and Social Transformations

Turkey and the Palestine Question

Torn between a Pro-Western Stance, Regional Considerations and Identity

The March 1955 Outburst in the Gaza Strip

Thwarting Resettlement Schemes

The 2014 Gaza War

An Asymetric Draw

The Bosnians of Palestine

Palestine-Egypt Border

A Line Imposed by the British on the Ottomans

Palestinian Music

Blending Levantine Sounds and the Power of Poetry

Tal al-Za‘atar Refugee Camp

The Algerians of Palestine

Palestinian Music in Exile

Traditions and Resistance

Palestinian-Israeli Protocol on Economic Relations

Perpetuating Israel’s Structural Dominance

The IHRA Working Definition of Antisemitism

Delegitimizing Criticism of Israel

Thematic Chronologies

Thematic Chronology

Regulating Palestinian Land

1858 - present

Periods

I. Ottoman Rule